The Supreme Court has firmly ruled that Aadhaar is an identity document, not proof of Indian citizenship. Delivered on September 1, 2025, this decision arose during Bihar’s voter roll revisions, where political parties had pressed for Aadhaar’s use to curb exclusion. By citing the Aadhaar Act and Puttaswamy judgment, the Court clarified that democracy rests on citizenship, not biometric identity, reshaping debates on electoral inclusion.